Appointed to the Board in December 1999. Currently chairman of the supervisory board of Zesko Holding B.V. (telecommunications) and Tele Atlas N.V. (information systems), a non-executive director of Unilever N.V. and Unilever plc (consumer) and of LogicaCMG plc (computer services). Former Minister for Foreign Trade in the Netherlands. Former chairman of Nederlandse Unilever Bedrijven B.V. (consumer) and former chairman and chief executive officer of KPN Royal Dutch Telecom (telecommunications). Former chairman of the supervisory board of Holland Casino (gaming) and a former member of the supervisory boards of TNT Post Group (mail services) and ABN AMRO N.V. (banking).

Chairman of the corporate social responsibility committee and member of the risk and regulatory and nomination committees.

Appointed to the Board in May 2004. Joined as group finance director in May 2004 and became group chief executive in July 2007. Previously director – finance, risk management and operations in Lloyd’s (insurance) and formerly held a number of senior management positions at HSBC plc (banking).

Member of the nomination and corporate social responsibility committees.

Appointed to the Board in May 2000. Joined the board of Norwich Union as a non-executive director in 1999. Currently non-executive chairman of Aviva’s operations in Spain, a director of Campofrio (consumer) and of Banco Santander (banking) and also International Advisor of Goldman Sachs. Chairman for the Centre of Economic Policy Research (CEPR) and of the Instituto de Empresa Business School and a member of the Group of Thirty (consultative group on international economic and monetary affairs). A former deputy general manager of the Bank of Spain and former Secretary of State of Finance in Spain.

Member of the nomination and corporate social responsibility committees.

Appointed to the Board in May 2003. A member of the New York and Paris bars, practising law in Europe and the United States specialising in private equity and EU regulatory matters. Currently a non-executive director of Toepfer International GmbH (trading), Dairy Crest Group plc (dairy foods) and a member of the biotech advisory board of Monsanto (biotechnology). Former non-executive vice-chairman of governmental affairs for Tate & Lyle plc (agricultural/industrial)  and S A Spadel N.V. (food and beverages) and former chairman of Amylum Group (agricultural/industrial).

Member of the audit, remuneration and corporate social responsibility committees.

Appointed to the Board in January 2005 and became chairman in January 2006. Currently chairman of Aegis Group plc (media services), an independent non-executive director of BG Group plc (utility) and an independent non-executive director of Reed Elsevier plc (publishing). Former chairman of KPMG International (auditors), former deputy chairman of Group 4 Securicor plc (security services), former member of the supervisory board ABN AMRO N.V. (banking) and a former independent non-executive director of Young & Co.’s Brewery PLC (drinks) and AEA Technology plc (commercial/technology).

Chairman of the Board and nomination committee and member of the corporate social responsibility committee.

Appointed to the Board in December 2007. Former director of The Boots Company plc (now known as The Boots Company Limited) (pharmacy) and managing director of Boots the Chemist at Alliance Boots plc. Formerly held a number of senior management positions at Tesco plc (retail services).

Member of the remuneration and corporate social responsibility committees.