4. Analysis of other operations and regional costs
4 – Analysis of other operations and regional costs
| 2009 | 2008 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regional costs £m |
Other operations £m |
Total £m |
Regional costs £m |
Other operations £m |
Total £m |
||
| United Kingdom | — | (28) | (28) | — | (12) | (12) | |
| Aviva Europe | (36) | (63) | (99) | (28) | (50) | (78) | |
| Delta Lloyd | — | (49) | (49) | — | (73) | (73) | |
| Europe | (36) | (112) | (148) | (28) | (123) | (151) | |
| North America | (19) | 3 | (16) | (14) | 2 | (12) | |
| Asia Pacific | (20) | (2) | (22) | (23) | — | (23) | |
| Total | (75) | (139) | (214) | (65) | (133) | (198) |
Other operations and regional costs increased to £214 million (2008: £198 million) driven by higher regional head office costs. The increase in Aviva Europe is due to an increase in Irish pension costs of £16 million over the prior year and the inclusion of £14 million of governance costs previously recognised within UK other operations. Delta Lloyd other operations includes the financial results of the holding companies which were in line with prior year and the banking operations which have benefited from improved interest margins as a result of lower funding costs and expenses.
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